[ RTLE 1 ] RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS LICENSURE EXAMINATION I

RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS LICENSURE EXAMINATION Reviewer

Instructions:

Please answer each question to the best of your ability. Each question is multiple choice, and only one answer per question is correct. Select the most appropriate answer from the options provided.

When you have completed all questions, click the "Submit" button at the bottom of the page to see your score. Good luck!

1. Which part of the respiratory tract is responsible for gas exchange?

A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Bronchioles

2. What is the normal range for arterial PaO₂ at sea level?

A) 35-45 mmHg
B) 50-60 mmHg
C) 80-100 mmHg
D) 120-140 mmHg

3. Which of the following medications is a bronchodilator commonly used in asthma management?

A) Salbutamol
B) Acetylcysteine
C) Montelukast
D) Diphenhydramine

4. What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

A) Promotes mucus clearance
B) Reduces alveolar surface tension
C) Enhances oxygen binding to hemoglobin
D) Stimulates the diaphragm

5. Which of the following is a contraindication for incentive spirometry?

A) Postoperative atelectasis
B) Unconscious patient without a secured airway
C) Restrictive lung disease
D) COPD exacerbation

6. What is the FiO₂ delivered by a non-rebreather mask at 10-15 L/min?

A) 24-28%
B) 30-35%
C) 80-100%
D) 40-60%

7. In mechanical ventilation, what does PEEP stand for?

A) Peak End Expiratory Pressure
B) Positive End Expiratory Pressure
C) Partial Expired Expiratory Pressure
D) Pulmonary Expiratory Effective Pressure

8. What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?

A) 6.8–7.0
B) 7.10–7.20
C) 7.35–7.45
D) 7.50–7.60

9. Which condition is characterized by a chronic obstruction of airflow?

A) Pneumonia
B) Tuberculosis
C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D) Pulmonary embolism

10. What type of acid-base imbalance is indicated by a low pH, high PaCO₂, and normal HCO₃⁻?

A) Respiratory acidosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Metabolic alkalosis

11. Which spirometry value is primarily used to diagnose obstructive lung disease?

A) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
B) FEV₁/FVC ratio
C) Residual Volume
D) Vital Capacity

12. Which lung volume cannot be measured by spirometry?

A) Tidal Volume
B) Vital Capacity
C) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
D) Residual Volume

13. Which of the following is a long-acting beta agonist (LABA)?

A) Albuterol
B) Salmeterol
C) Ipratropium
D) Budesonide

14. Which condition is most associated with a barrel chest?

A) Emphysema
B) Pulmonary fibrosis
C) Bronchiectasis
D) Pneumonia

15. Which setting on a mechanical ventilator determines the volume of air delivered per breath?

A) PEEP
B) Tidal Volume
C) FiO₂
D) Respiratory Rate

16. What does a low V/Q ratio indicate?

A) Perfusion exceeds ventilation
B) Ventilation exceeds perfusion
C) Normal lung function
D) High oxygen diffusion rate

17. Which condition may lead to respiratory alkalosis?

A) COPD
B) Asthma
C) Hyperventilation
D) Drug overdose

18. What is the primary stimulus for breathing in a healthy individual?

A) Low oxygen levels
B) Elevated carbon dioxide levels
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Increased nitrogen concentration

19. Which of the following best describes BiPAP therapy?

A) Provides continuous pressure throughout the breath
B) Provides different pressures for inhalation and exhalation
C) Delivers only room air
D) Used only for intubated patients

20. Which of the following is a restrictive lung disease?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Asthma
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Bronchiectasis

21. What is the primary site of action for the drug theophylline?

A) Bronchial smooth muscle
B) Alveolar epithelium
C) Diaphragm
D) Vagus nerve

22. What pulmonary function test measures gas diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane?

A) Spirometry
B) DLCO test
C) ABG analysis
D) Peak flow test

23. Which of the following is a high-flow oxygen delivery system?

A) Nasal cannula
B) Venturi mask
C) Simple mask
D) Non-rebreather mask

24. Which respiratory pattern is characterized by progressively deeper and faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease and apnea?

A) Cheyne-Stokes respiration
B) Kussmaul breathing
C) Biot’s respiration
D) Apneustic breathing

25. What condition may require the use of Heliox therapy?

A) Upper airway obstruction
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Pneumothorax

26. Which phase of mechanical ventilation represents spontaneous breathing by the patient?

A) Controlled mode
B) Assist-control mode
C) SIMV mode
D) Volume control mode

27. Which ABG result suggests uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?

A) pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50, HCO₃⁻ 24
B) pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 48, HCO₃⁻ 27
C) pH 7.49, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃⁻ 32
D) pH 7.38, PaCO₂ 44, HCO₃⁻ 22

28. Which of the following is a potential complication of suctioning a patient?

A) Hypoxemia
B) Bronchospasm prevention
C) Reduced secretions
D) Vasodilation

29. Which of the following ABG parameters reflects metabolic status?

A) PaCO₂
B) HCO₃⁻
C) SaO₂
D) pH only

30. What is the function of the carina in the respiratory system?

A) Warms inspired air
B) Divides trachea into left and right bronchi
C) Produces surfactant
D) Site of gas exchange

Result

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