Civil Service Examination
Instructions:
Answer the following questions carefully.
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1. In recent years, the concept of sustainability has gained widespread recognition across various sectors. Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or support processes over the long term. It incorporates three key pillars: environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Businesses are increasingly adopting sustainable practices to minimize their environmental impact while ensuring profitability and social equity. According to the passage, what are the three pillars of sustainability?
2. Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved rapidly over the past decade, transforming industries such as healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. AI's ability to analyze vast datasets and perform complex tasks at a speed unmatched by human capabilities has made it a crucial tool for businesses. However, concerns remain about AI's ethical implications, especially in areas where human judgment is vital. According to the passage, what is a major concern regarding the rise of AI?
3. The field of cognitive psychology focuses on how people acquire, process, and store information. This branch of psychology has grown significantly with the advent of technology, enabling researchers to use new methods to examine how the mind works. Studies in this area provide insights into memory, problem-solving, language acquisition, and decision-making. What is the main focus of cognitive psychology, according to the passage?
4. Quantum computing is a rapidly developing field that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems that classical computers cannot handle efficiently. By harnessing quantum bits, or qubits, quantum computers can perform calculations at speeds exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. The technology promises breakthroughs in areas such as cryptography, materials science, and complex system modeling. What is the primary advantage of quantum computers over classical computers, based on the passage?
5. In her book on global economics, Dr. Smith argues that the growing wealth gap between developed and developing nations can be attributed to unequal trade policies and the legacy of colonialism. She posits that fairer trade practices and reparations for historical injustices are essential for addressing these imbalances and fostering sustainable global development. According to Dr. Smith, what factors contribute to the growing wealth gap between nations?
6. Environmental degradation has become a critical issue for policymakers worldwide. Deforestation, pollution, and overfishing are contributing to the rapid loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems. These environmental challenges threaten not only the natural world but also human health and livelihoods. Addressing this issue requires coordinated global efforts, including stricter environmental regulations and the promotion of sustainable practices. What does the passage suggest is necessary to address environmental degradation?
7. Advancements in genetic engineering have opened new possibilities for treating genetic disorders. By modifying specific genes, scientists can potentially cure diseases that were previously considered untreatable. However, there are ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of human genes, particularly when it comes to germline editing, which can affect future generations. What ethical concern is raised in the passage about genetic engineering?
8. Over the last few decades, urbanization has led to significant demographic changes. Large numbers of people are moving from rural to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities and improved living conditions. While urbanization can drive economic growth, it also presents challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and increased pressure on public services. What is one major challenge associated with urbanization mentioned in the passage?
9. The philosophy of utilitarianism asserts that actions are morally right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This ethical theory emphasizes the consequences of actions rather than intentions. While utilitarianism has been influential in shaping modern ethical thought, critics argue that it can lead to the neglect of individual rights in favor of collective well-being. According to the passage, what is a criticism of utilitarianism?
10. In her groundbreaking research, Dr. Thompson explored the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. She found that rising ocean temperatures are disrupting marine biodiversity and causing coral bleaching on a massive scale. According to her study, the long-term effects of these changes could be catastrophic, leading to the collapse of entire marine food chains and ecosystems. What is a major consequence of climate change on marine ecosystems, according to Dr. Thompson?
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